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For this week’s column, I talked to , a virologist and science communicator. He shared how he went from research associate at the to having several online science communication jobs.

Courtesy of Efraín E. Rivera–Serrano

“You cannot really change the whole environment, but you can change who you are … Focus on you." – Efraín E. Rivera–Serrano 

While growing up rural Puerto Rico, he was surrounded by animals. Rivera–Serrano thought he was going to be a vet. While attending the , he did a microbiology summer internship. After the internship, he took a botany class and realized he wanted to go to graduate school after earning his bachelor’s degree in biology and chemistry. He went on to pursue a Ph.D. in botany at .

“It was a culture shock. The first semester was hard. More than graduate school hard. You are finding your identity at 21 and not sure what you are doing,” he said.

It was tough mentally and stressful — adjusting to a new environment while experiencing microaggressions. He decided to leave the program with his master’s in plant cell biology and biotechnology.

From plants to viruses

With supportive people by his side, Rivera–Serrano was offered a program transfer. He interviewed with a virologist, and she offered him a rotation position in her lab.

“The university actually extended my fellowship for a year just to give me freedom to find a lab. I rotated with her and loved it…my first and only rotation. Ironically, her lab was at a vet school,” he said.

In 2016, he earned his Ph.D. in comparative biomedical sciences, where he studied how cardiac cells respond to viral infections and the immune response.

After graduating, he did a two-year postdoctoral fellowship at the , where he focused on hepatitis A viral entry and egress, and then took a one-year postdoc position at the , where he focused on developing a synthetic guide gRNA-based CRISPRi system. Then, returned to the and become a research associate in virology.

A day in the life

While in this position, the pandemic started. He used this time at home to explore what a life outside of academia could look like. He made a list of non-negotiables, which included having time, flexibility and creativity.

Once the university reopened, he realized he wanted to be home. While still employed, he connected on Twitter with scientists who write for a living to learn about their careers. They connected him to scientists who worked in project management, industry, and science and medical writing.

He now has several part-time jobs that bring in roughly the same income he was getting before. Three of his jobs involve handling social media for science journals and magazines: He is a social media specialist for the , social media fellow for the journal  and social media intern for the . He reads articles and writes posts about them for Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.

“This means taking an eight-page paper and condensing it to tweet or making it pretty for Instagram. I spend my weeks just reading 70 to 80 articles from different magazines, scheduling and finding the authors and institutions to tag on Twitter,” he said.

In addition, he is a contributing editor for the , for which he edits and translates articles into lay terms. And he's a freelance writer and consultant in virology for companies.

“I told myself that I was going to make a decision by this summer about whether I wanted to have a full-time job or stay. I still like it because it gives me all my non-negotiables,” he said.

Advice for scientists seeking a nonacademic pathway

Rivera–Serrano encourages scientists who want to make the switch to take time to reflect. With the right strategies, he was able to use his virology expertise and science communication skills to make his move. Here are his tips:

Use your transferable skills: As a scientist, you have many skills to offer. Whether it is knowledge-based (your field expertise), communication (writing papers and presenting at conferences), leadership (training and mentoring students in the lab) or organizational (doing inventory for your lab) — these are all highly valuable skills.

Connect with others while still employed: Connections come across differently while you are in the inside. Use this access to meet with program directors or officers across your university/organization. Set up Zoom coffee chats with nonacademic scientists and those outside your field.

Book time on your calendar: Dedicate time without technology. Find your list of non-negotiables: what suits your lifestyle, skills and personality.

Post your research and work online: Your digital footprint matters. Share your presentations, workshops and projects. This helps build your brand and gives you a platform to share ideas.

Use Twitter: Twitter helps breaks the ice before cold emailing someone. He used Twitter to follow scientists in virology, industry and science communication and build connections. This helped him land the positions he has today.

To find out more about Rivera–Serrano’s work, follow him on and check out his .