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Bioinformatics is branch of data science that merges biology, computer science and statistics to solve biological problems. It involves taking biological data, such as sequence data or metabolomics, and using an informatics approach. For this week’s column, I interviewed Kelsey Florek, a senior genomics and data scientist at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, to learn about her career journey.

“One of the things I love is one day I could be focused on coronavirus and trying to develop new visualizations or new models … and then the next day I could be talking with our IT groups or cloud support to try to figure out how we can get salmonella genomes analyzed faster using cloud technologies.” — Kelsey Florek, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene

Florek started her undergraduate studies with the intention of becoming a computer scientist but then decided to join the U.S. Navy as nuclear machinist mate. After four years in the service, she went back to in Allendale, Michigan. For two years, she worked in a lab focused on solving the structure of the Acinetobacter baumannii β-lactamase ADC-7. She said the work made her realize that she wanted to go to graduate school.

“I didn’t want to practice medicine. I didn’t want to see patients. But I really enjoyed learning more about viruses,” she said.

Designing her own degree

While interviewing with graduate programs, Florek met a student who was in an MPH/Ph.D. program, something she did not know was an option. When she started her Ph.D. at the in 2013, she did some research to see how she could get a dual degree.

“There were definitely a lot of barriers. There is a lot of work to just even get some sort of curriculum approved,” she said.

After meeting with officials at both programs, reviewing policies and coming up with a feasible plan, she was approved for a dual degree. It was an intense four years, she said, but she made it through. Florek earned her master's in public health in 2016, and her Ph.D. in microbiology and immunology in 2017.

She then began a fellowship at the on campus. The fellowship is administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ()

This particular fellowship focused on antimicrobial resistance. Florek's research focused on developing new sequence-based and molecular techniques for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the Midwest. She was a fellow for almost two years before being hired for the role she has now.

Life as a bioinformatician

Florek has been in her current position for almost three years, and she said each day is different. She builds workflows and pipelines or works with specific data.

“My primary role is to utilize genomics and sequencing technology and merge that with new computational technology to better understand diseases in the state of Wisconsin,” she said.

One of her first big projects involved collaborating with a team of bioinformaticians to create a that has everything bioinformaticians need in one place.

Since the WSLH is a state laboratory on the Madison campus, Florek can easily meet with academic researchers and has access to the university’s ,  and . In addition, she uses various technologies such as like , , R, Bash, , genomics and machine learning. She also uses , which allows her to containerize applications, so everything is available when she needs to run programs or applications.

Bioinformatics basics

I asked Florek about the steps someone in her position takes when tackling a biological problem or question. She told me: