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“Once you leave academia for industry, you will never return — or want to return.”

You may be familiar with this clich茅 if you are a scientist open to exploring all your career options. You may have struggled internally at one point in your scientific journey and received advice from either side of the aisle.

I did, and I believe this is a continuous dilemma as we face changes, self-inflicted or imposed by others. Multiple points in a career may be perceived as being of no return. Sometimes, the demarcation lines are clear, and other times they’re extremely blurry.

Allison Hilberer/IIVS

Gertrude-Emilia Costin in the lab at the Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., where she works as a toxicologist and is the director of laboratory services and study director.

I am an academic and biochemist by training and at heart; I went through cell and molecular biology and have worked in the last 17 years as a toxicologist in industry. I’ve faced many inflexion points during my career, but I considered none of those transitions among similar scientific fields to be of no return.

 Several crossroads, however, were quite impactful, and I think they are worth sharing with my fellow scientists. Some aspects of my career challenges may be unique to scientists working in industry or crossing borders between worlds.

Point 1: The pace

I interview many young academic scientists who take the pace in industry rather lightly. They say, “Yes, I’ve heard of this fast pace in industry, but academia is no different.”

I smile and say to myself, “Oh, you better believe it — it is very much different.”

There’s no point in debating with the interviewee. The solution is to hire them so they can experience it themselves; some love how addictive it is, and some run away at the first opportunity.

As a young scientist, I experienced working in industry as a new language to learn. For some time after being hired, I listened and understood nothing; more than once, this made me question my choices. Gradually, some of my colleagues translated the industry terms for me, and they made sense as I learned more about advertising, marketing, sales, competition and intellectual property. Then the never-ending marathon started, be it for new ideas, results, launches or revenue. The infectious rhythm in industry cannot be replicated or paralleled.

In industry, I had the opportunity to understand applied science and see how ideas get to the market, some faster than others depending on the type of product being launched. For example, the continuous rush to make personal care and cosmetic products available to the end user is enabled by strong collaboration between the scientists and the marketing teams that constantly take the pulse of the consumers and adapt product lines accordingly.

Once industry got into me, the politics specific to academia and the writing of grants seemed to exist in a distant past, and my desire to return to them became less intense.

Point 2: The rules

In academic or industry labs that are not governed by good laboratory practices, or GLPs, researchers have some flexibility in how they document, check and keep experimental records. However, GLPs require that every entry is initialed and dated, every error is addressed following set rules, often by a deviation report, and every change to an experimental protocol is made by amendment.

Once this GLP microbe got into my system, it never went away, and it serves as a great tool in any career path. I know some scientists who have left a GLP environment for one with looser regulations, and they could not stand it. They returned to the strict environment and preferred dealing with regulated records and audits.

I would find it very difficult now to function in a laboratory-based environment without the strictness of GLPs, and I’d make an effort to implement them where they don’t exist. For me, this is a point of no return; I feel insecure knowing what it takes to reconstruct an experiment and how nearly impossible that could be without records following GLPs.

Allison Hilberer/IIVS

Gertrude-Emilia Costin shares a poster at the 2023 Institute for In Vitro Sciences “Share Your Science Day," an internal event where researchers tell each other about their work. IIVS is a nonprofit that works to advance alternative testing methods.

Point 0.5: The promotion

I’ve heard that another point of no return can be the moment a scientist leaves the trenches of the operations side (fast-paced activities specific to study directors, senior scientists, principal investigators and the like) and steps into the management realm. Lately, I’ve started to understand how this could indeed be another point of no return.

This one, however, is like riding a bicycle: If asked to suddenly step back into the lab or be responsible for a study, a scientist will find their way to a pipette and quickly remember how to follow a protocol, especially after a refresher training course.

The other day I had to do just that when I provided training on a method that I had not performed in the lab in nearly two years. One step required precise delivery of 1 microliter of a reagent in 0.2-milliliter PCR strip tubes using a repeater pipette, without contamination between samples. It takes patience, repetition and stable arms and hands to do that. Before training someone else, I had to remember all the tips and tricks to execute this step without error. It didn’t take much effort — all the memories rushed back, connecting the neurons, eyes and hands, until it seemed I had done it just yesterday.

I’ve been a scientist for 26 years, and during this time I transitioned from spending nearly 100% of my time conducting experiments, up to and a bit beyond the postdoctoral years, to much less currently. Of these 26 years, 17 have been dedicated to designing studies and being in charge as study director, removing me ever so slightly from the lab bench action. Of these 17 years, eight have been in managerial positions, which distanced me even further from the lab activities.

While I’ve slowly started spending more and more time at my desk and in countless meetings, I don’t lose any opportunity to step into the lab, be it for training, conducting small experiments or observing various steps of assays. By keeping a relatively busy schedule as study director, I remain connected to the thrill of lab work, and this is my way of fighting against a complete departure from the lab.

As a manager, I find it nearly impossible to lead anyone in operations if I don’t know what they go through every day, hence my resistance against leaving that world behind. This is the very reason why this point is only 0.5 of no return for me and for now. My journey continues, for I am a traveler between both worlds.

What about you? What are the points of no return in your scientific world?